Seeing the improvement of the criminal trial structure from China’s criminal courtroom arrangements (tribunal design)

The setting of criminal court has become an important representation of the criminal trial structure due to its visual and vivid reflection of the legal position and relations among the three parties of litigation, i.e. the prosecuting party, the advocating party and the judge. As a result of the influence of ancient “inquest” centered trial mode, lack of the defendant’s right to silence and incomplete revolution of the criminal trial mode, the existing criminal court setting features an umbrella shaped structure. To reform the criminal trial structure in China, we should eliminate the air of “inquest” from the existing court interrogation mode, strengthen the hearing of evidence and set up a equiangular triangle shaped trial structure of neutral trial, equality between the prosecuting and advocating parties and litigant oriented. __________ Translated from the Jurist Review, 2005, (2) (in Chinese)     

人民陪审制的价值及改革

人民陪审制是法治与民主的一个连结点,有助于司法程序和裁判结果的正当化,有助于公民对审判活动直接有效的监督,也是法治精神向社会渗透的有效途径。但是我国人民陪审制度的适用和发展欠缺一个平稳的社会环境,法律对人民陪审制度的规定缺乏连续性,法律对陪审员的职权设定同其专业素质要求存在内在矛盾,法律对人民陪审制度规定不完备,导致目前人民陪审制度在法律地位上的可有可无。应该完善人民陪审员的产生过程,优化陪审员的结构,增加参加合议庭的陪审员人数,加强人民陪审员的管理和培训,从而完善人民陪审制。     

九江市中心城区道路交通综合改善的总体思考

交通问题做为一种“城市病”,在我国各城市中都不同程度地存在。由于九江经济、社会、城市的发展与其交通运输格局息息相关,其城市中心区的“病态”更为突出。九江的城市化发展结合九江市城市中心区自由式路网的特点,突显了九江城市中心区道路交通系统存在的问题,因而必须对其进行综合治理改善。     

扰乱法庭秩序罪研究

扰乱法庭秩序罪是新刑法增设的一个新罪名,为了更进一步地贯彻新刑法的立法精神,本文作者从该罪的立法缘起、概念和特征、罪间界限以及其他应当注意的问题等方面,作了较为深入、具体的研究和探讨,以期对司法实践中如何正确地处理好这一方面的问题有所裨益。     

Unclogging Courts by Targeting Litigant Incentives: The Case of the Brazilian Labour Justice Reform

Overburdened courts hinder economic and social progress, yet successful court reforms are rare. Instead of boosting judicial resources or adapting procedure, Brazil tackled persistent backlogs and delays in its labour courts by replacing the pre-existing each-pays-their-own-costs (American) rule for allocation of litigation expenses with an alternative loser-pays-all (English) rule. Using a newly assembled court-level panel dataset and difference-in-differences approach, we show that the reform alleviated the courts' demand pressures and, most importantly, increased court efficacy in both adjudication and enforcement. The Brazilian experience offers valuable policy lessons about viable court reforms for other jurisdictions.     

The enduring influence of electoral systems: investigating Green parties’ attention to local issues in parliament

Scholars argue that members of parliament (MPs) in first-past-the-post (FPTP) systems have stronger incentives to cater to their electoral district than those in proportional representation (PR) types. Yet, few studies have explored whether MPs in PR systems or MPs from small parties engage local issues in general. I build new theory and explore its support through a case study that compares Green party behaviour in an FPTP system (the UK) to a PR system (New Zealand). Results show that MPs focus on local issues in both systems, but the distribution of attention varies in ways consistent with differing electoral incentives.     

唐代试判之起始与情状初探

唐代判文也是唐代文学的一部分,它是唐代吏部铨试的一种应试文体。由于它不仅有实用性的要求,而且有美的要求,好的判文必须是文理与辞采都具备,于是它也就同时具有了文学性。梳理唐代试判的发展状况,从文学的角度加以审视,认识其文学价值,以及它对后世考试文学的影响,也是唐代文学研究中应有之义,并且有着比较重要的文学史认识意义。     

美国青少年法院的形成与发展

美国的青少年法院在预防青少年犯罪,打击和保护美国青少年群体中起到了重要作用,具有重要意义。文章将系列介绍美国从十九世纪起,至二十世纪九十年代,青少年法院建立及发展的情况,并通过经典案例分析了早期青少年法院存在的司法程序问题,以及各时期美国涉及有关打击青少年犯罪政策变化。     

模拟法庭教学的地位、作用及组织实施

作为现代法学教育一种全新的实践性教学形式,模拟法庭教学较好地弥补了传统法学教育中各方面的缺憾。应该成为高校法学专业一门独立的课程。只有这样,才能充分体现模拟法庭教学应有的地位。在法学教学体系中模拟法庭教学起着特有的作用。模拟法庭教学是一个从教学目标厘定、案例选编、教学组织到后期分析、信息反馈的系统化教学过程。     

我国警察出庭作证的价值分析与制度构想

警察出庭作证有利于推进刑事诉讼的进程,保障辩护方的权利。警察出庭作证有其功利价值和内在价值,两方价值互补存在,不可偏废。警察出庭作证应有完善的程序设计和制度支持,应赋予其作证的资格、明确其作证的范围,并完善其出庭作证的保障措施。